That article, the fifth in the draft they were discussing, is the subject of Anthony Lane’s book. Protestants, and Johann Eck, Julius Pflug, and Johann Gropper for the Catholics) coming to agreement on the last day. The article of justification was discussed from 27 April to 2 May, with the two sides (consisting of Philip Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johann Pistorius representing the. In 1541 Protestant and Roman Catholic collocutors met in the imperial city of Regensburg under the aegis of the Imperial Diet and the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, to discuss the main doctrinal items separating the two sides. Agreement was possible because Gropper and Pflug, together with Cardinal Contarini, the papal legate, largely accepted the Protestant account of justification. The book concludes that Article 5 is indeed consistent with a Protestant understanding of justification, though it does not always follow Protestant terminology. It also views it in the light of the four known earlier drafts of the article, all of which are included in an Appendix, together with translations of three of them. It does so primarily by viewing the article in the light of the publications of the colloquy’s key participants and observers, and by comparing it with the Tridentine Decree on Justification. The aim of this book is to decide between them. Both rival assessments have continued over the centuries. Some, like Calvin, maintained that it contained the substance of true doctrine others, like Luther, called it an inconsistent patchwork. But from the beginning, there were two contrasting reactions to Article 5. The colloquy eventually failed, but it had begun with a statement on justification by faith agreed by all the parties, “Article 5,” leading to an initial burst of optimism. In 1541 at the Regensburg Colloquy, three leading Protestant theologians (Melanchthon, Bucer, and Pistorius) and three leading Catholic theologians (Eck, Gropper, and Pflug) debated with the aim of producing a commonly agreed statement of belief.
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